UK satellite mission receives global support

 

The UK mission proposes to improve the accuracy of climate-change measurements by launching a central calibration laboratory, according to the National Physics Laboratory (NPL).

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TRUTHS (Traceable Radiometry Underpinning Terrestrial- and Helio- Studies) should improve tenfold the accuracy of Earth observation satellites used to deliver climate change data.
 
The programme will launch a calibration laboratory into space to help settle international debates around climate change and provide a robust statistical baseline from which to monitor and predict changes in the Earth’s climate.
 
Highlighted in the Stern review, (Sir Nicholas Stern's report into the economic impact of climate change) a provision of data of sufficient accuracy would improve the predictive quality of climate models such as those of the UK Hadley Centre.
 
Initially proposed over five years ago, TRUTHS has been sourcing the levels of financial support needed to covert it from theory to a fully-fledged satellite mission.
 
Recent reports from the United Nations, the World Meteorological Organisation and the US Academy of Sciences all call for a spaceflight mission designed to achieve exactly what TRUTHS has established to deliver.
 
The US Academy of Sciences has even recommended such a mission as one of the four priorities for US spaceflight by 2013.
 
“We’ve seen a recent surge in recognition around the world that we need more accurate data about our climate,” explained Dr Nigel Fox, NPL’s lead scientist on TRUTHS.
 
“This can only be good news. With so many influential organisations calling for a TRUTHS-like mission we hope to be moving from scientific theory to spaceflight very soon.”
 
Assessments of climate change and the consequential scale of its impact depend on accurate data from scores of Earth observation satellites.
 
They ought to provide unequivocal evidence to support national and international legislation, but most Earth observation data has been arguable.

Reducing inaccuracies and cost

“We just don’t know if the instruments are really accurate enough once they’ve been in space for a couple of years,” Fox said.
 
“What we do know is they all seem to produce slightly different results, and that gives a lot of unnecessary wriggle room to those who dispute the evidence for human origins of climate change. The uncertainty of the data allows the sceptics to exist.”
 
According to the scientists, the problem lies with calibration.
 
Delicate measuring devices on Earth, such as those used in medical and high-tech industries are regularly calibrated against primary physical standards held by national measurement institutes such as NPL.
 
Instruments in space cannot work like this - they are finely tuned before they leave the Earth.
 
“But after that we just don’t know,” Dr Fox explained. “Even if these sensitive instruments survive the violence of a rocket launch, their sensitivity changes over time. But we don’t really know by how much.”
 
It’s not logistically or financially viable to bring these instruments back down to Earth for a service every few months.
 
“They can’t come to us so we’ll sort it out in orbit,” commented Dr Fox.
 
TRUTHS’ idea is to have a master device in orbit, against which all other Earth observation satellites can be tested and calibrated.
 
It should ensure that they will all be working off the same measurement benchmark.
 
The strategy also reduces costs as each individual satellite does not need to be equipped with its own individual suite of calibration tools.
 
Although the needs of climate science are perhaps the most demanding in terms of accuracy, such a mission would also serve as a reference to underpin the quality of data that is being generated and processed as part of the European GMES initiative and also that of GEO.
 

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